How Many Types Of Sharks Are There Essay Example For Students

How Many Types Of Sharks Are There Essay Although sharks belong to the class Chondrichtyes, there are manydifferent types. Sharks arose about 350 million years ago and have remainedvirtually unchanged for the past 70 million years and still comprise a dominantgroup. It is thought that sharks almost certainly evolved from placoderms, agroup of primitive jawed fishes. It took a long series of successful andunsuccessful mutations with fin, jaw positions etc to give us all the differentdesigns of sharks around today. When asked to draw a shark, most people woulddraw a shape along the lines of the whaler shark family, tigers or a mackeralshark such as a porbeagle. However many people do not realize the sheerdiversity in the shape of sharks, or that rays are really sharks. Seldom doessuch an animal inspire such a variety of emotions reflecting a mixture offascination, awe and fear. Sharks have occasionally exacted a terrible pricefrom humans who have trespassed on their territory. No better understood thanthe ocean that they inha bit, these creatures should be regarded in the same wayas lions, tigers, and bears: as dangerous, predatory but nonetheless magnificentanimals. Different Types of Sharks Living sharks are divided into eight majororders, each easily recognizable by certain external characteristics. Each ordercontains one or more smaller groups, or families. In all there are 30 familiesof sharks and they contain the 350 or more different kinds or species of sharks. The eight major orders of sharks include the Squantiformes, Pristiophormes,Squaliformes, Hexanchiformes, Carcharhiniformes, Lamniformes, Orectolobiformes,and the Heterodotiformes. The orders have distinguishing characteristics thatfit in each. The Squantiformes normally have flat bodies that are ray-like withmottled dorsal surfaces. These sharks have a short terminal mouth, which isarmed with small impaling teeth. They also have a caudal fin, which has a lowerlobe that is longer than the upper lobe. Their pectoral fins extend forward overthe ventrally directed gills. The Pristiophormes have more of an elongatedsnout, which is saw-like and edged with slender, needle-sharp lateral teeth. They have two dorsal fins and no anal fin. They use short transverse mouths andsmall cuspidate holding teeth in both jaws. Squaliformes have no anal fin aswell, but their snout is not elongated, but is somewhat long. Many have powerfulcutting teeth in both jaws. In some species these razor sharp teeth are in thelower jaw only and the upper teeth serve to hold the food. Hexanchiformes havesix or seven gill slits. They are sharks with a single spineless dorsal fin, andan anal fin. The typical Carcharhiniforme has an elongated snout, a long mouththat reaches behind the eyes, an anal fin and two spineless dorsal fins. Theeyes have movable, nictitating lower eyelids worked by unique muscles. Teethvary from small and cuspidate or flattened to large and bladelike. Carcharhiniformes have no enlarged rear crushing teeth. Along with this theyhave a spiral scroll intestinal valve. A Lamniforme shark has an elongatedsnout. Most have long mouths that reach behind the eyes, an anal fin and twospineless dorsal fins. They also have a ring intestinal valve. TheOrectolobiformes have pig-like snouts and short mouths that in most species areconnected to the nostrils by grooves. There is an anal fin but no fin spines onthe two dorsal fins. They have uniquely formed barbells at the inside edges ofthe nostrils. Heterodotiformes are the only living shark that combines finspines on their two dorsal fins and anal fin. They only have five-gill slits. Ineach order there are specific types of sharks. Each shark belongs to a familywith different species. The Angel shark (Squantiforme) is just one of the many. .uabc7096311e385699a48c3bd684ebcb8 , .uabc7096311e385699a48c3bd684ebcb8 .postImageUrl , .uabc7096311e385699a48c3bd684ebcb8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uabc7096311e385699a48c3bd684ebcb8 , .uabc7096311e385699a48c3bd684ebcb8:hover , .uabc7096311e385699a48c3bd684ebcb8:visited , .uabc7096311e385699a48c3bd684ebcb8:active { border:0!important; } .uabc7096311e385699a48c3bd684ebcb8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uabc7096311e385699a48c3bd684ebcb8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uabc7096311e385699a48c3bd684ebcb8:active , .uabc7096311e385699a48c3bd684ebcb8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uabc7096311e385699a48c3bd684ebcb8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uabc7096311e385699a48c3bd684ebcb8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uabc7096311e385699a48c3bd684ebcb8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uabc7096311e385699a48c3bd684ebcb8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uabc7096311e385699a48c3bd684ebcb8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uabc7096311e385699a48c3bd684ebcb8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uabc7096311e385699a48c3bd684ebcb8 .uabc7096311e385699a48c3bd684ebcb8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uabc7096311e385699a48c3bd684ebcb8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Scarlet Letter Essay IntroductionIt has a single family of about thirteen species. They are all ovoviviparouslivebearers and most do not exceed 1.5 meters. Saw sharks (Pristiophoriformes)are harmless bottom sharks. They are also a single family but with five species. They are also ovoviviparous livebearers. Four sharks that belong to the orderSqauliforme are the Bramble, Dogfish, and Rough sharks. They have three familieswith eighty-two species. They too, are ovoviviparous livebearers. They have morecylindrical bodies. Frilled sharks, Six, and Seven gill sharks (Hexanchiformes)have two families and five species. Once again they are also ovoviviparouslivebearers. Usually, these guys are found in deep waters. The Catsharks,Finback Catshark, False Catshark, Barbelled Houndshark, Weasel, Houndshark,Hammerhead, and Requiem sharks (Carcharhiniformes) have one hundred andninety-seven known species. Most of these sharks are known to be dangerous. Theyare both oviparous and ovoviviparous livebearers. This is not the type of sharkyou would like to have grace you presence. From the order of Landformes is theSand, Basking, Goblin, Crocodile, Megamouth, Thresher, and Mackerel sharks. Theycome complete with seven families and fifteen or sixteen species. All of themare ovoviviparous livebearers. These sharks are found in all seas except Arcticand Antarctic. The last group of sharks would be the Collared Carpet sharks,Blind, Wobbegongs, Zebra, Longtailed Carpet Sharks, Whale, and Nurse sharks. They all belong to the order Orectolobiformes and have seven families andthirty-three species. These sharks prefer the warmer water and are bothovoviviparous and oviparous livebearers. Obviously these sharks come in manydifferent sizes and some are more dangerous than others. At least eighteenspecies in four families and nine genera have been implicated in attacks onhumans. Obviously a small shark such as the Pygmy is harmless, but they stillmust be treated as a predator especially the bigger ones. The smallest of allsharks is the Pygmy Ribbontail Catshark, which is about 0.24 meters. Next inline from smallest to largest would be the Port Jackson Shark, which is about1.65 meters. After them would be the Ornate Wobbegong (2.88m) and then the Bullshark (3.4m). The average sizes go drastically up from there to the Great Whiteshark, which is incredibly larger, its about 6.4 meters. The two greatest sizesare the Basking shark (7.8m) and the Whale shark (13.7m). These sharks listedhere are definitely not all the sharks in the world, they were just meant togive an average range of size for all sharks. Some of the most dangerous sharksrange from about 2 to 8 meters. The Hammerhead, Great White, Tiger, Blue, andthe Bull shark name a few. There are many types of sharks lurking around intodays ocean. In every one is unique in its own way. Some are different bysize, shape, eating habits, or even the way they breed. Although with all thesedifferences they are all very similar and that is why the shark is one of themost amazing creatures of our time. Summary Although sharks belong to the classChondrichtyes, there are many different types. Sharks are divided into 8 majororders. Each order contains 1 or more smaller group. There are 350 or moredifferent kinds of species of sharks. The 8 orders are named the Squantiformes,Pristiophormes, Squaliformes, Hexanchiformes, Carcharhiniformes, Lamniformes,Orectolobiformes, and the Heterodotiformes. These orders group sharks accordingto certain distinguishing characteristics. The Angel shark, Saw shark, Frilledshark, Hammerhead shark, Sand shark, Wobbegongs, and more all belong to aspecific order due to their characteristics. Each one of these sharks come indifferent shapes and sizes. Some are more dangerous than others. The moredangerous sharks range from about 2 to 8 meters. It is obvious that sharks areone of the most amazing creatures of our time. .u2ec85479aed3c5fbc091e1f891d1ffa5 , .u2ec85479aed3c5fbc091e1f891d1ffa5 .postImageUrl , .u2ec85479aed3c5fbc091e1f891d1ffa5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2ec85479aed3c5fbc091e1f891d1ffa5 , .u2ec85479aed3c5fbc091e1f891d1ffa5:hover , .u2ec85479aed3c5fbc091e1f891d1ffa5:visited , .u2ec85479aed3c5fbc091e1f891d1ffa5:active { border:0!important; } .u2ec85479aed3c5fbc091e1f891d1ffa5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2ec85479aed3c5fbc091e1f891d1ffa5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2ec85479aed3c5fbc091e1f891d1ffa5:active , .u2ec85479aed3c5fbc091e1f891d1ffa5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2ec85479aed3c5fbc091e1f891d1ffa5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2ec85479aed3c5fbc091e1f891d1ffa5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2ec85479aed3c5fbc091e1f891d1ffa5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2ec85479aed3c5fbc091e1f891d1ffa5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2ec85479aed3c5fbc091e1f891d1ffa5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2ec85479aed3c5fbc091e1f891d1ffa5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2ec85479aed3c5fbc091e1f891d1ffa5 .u2ec85479aed3c5fbc091e1f891d1ffa5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2ec85479aed3c5fbc091e1f891d1ffa5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Ufos and aliens on earth EssayBibliographyClarkJ. 1975. Shark frenzy. Grosset ; Dunlap Publishers, New York NY. 106 pp. Clark, E. 1981. Sharks, magnificent and misunderstood. National Geographic160:138-186 (Aug. 1991) Compagno, L. J. V. 1984. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustratedcatalogue of shark species known to date. Part 2. Carcharhiniformes FAO Fish. Synop. (125) Vol. 4, Pt. 2: 251-655. Conniff R. 1993. From jaws to laws nowthe big bad shark needs protection from us. Smithsonian 24: 32-43 (Number 2,May1993). Burgess, R. F. 1970. The sharks. Doubleday ; Company, Inc., GardenCity NY. 159 pp

Case Study Of Alibaba Group Free Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Case Study Of Alibaba Group. Answer: Alibaba Alibaba Group is a Chinese e-commerce company which pioneered in the e-commerce business in the country. Allibaba was founded by Jack Ma in the year 1999 with the novel motive of connecting manufacturers of China with international buyers. The company operates on customer-to-customer, business- to -customer and business- to business model. Alibaba revolutionized the e-commerce business in People Republic of China and have achieved business excellence. The reason behind choosing the company is to study how Alibaba had a humble beginning in the year 1999 and surpassed companies like Walmart and Amazon to be the largest retailer of the world in the year 2016(Alibaba , 2017) How Alibaba Has Achieved Its Current Position In Market The company operates in more than 200 countries .In the year 2017, the market cap of was about USD$305. Alibaba followed different business strategies to achieve its current top position in e-commerce market. From the year 1998 to 2001, the motive of the company was to serve the needs of all the small and medium size enterprises of China by providing them online services and connecting them with customers. In the year 2000, Porter Erisman was hired by the company who guided the company in globalizing its operations. In the year 2002, a certification of credit which was extremely reliable called TrustPass was invented by Alibaba which made transactions safe for customers. The demand for products at reasonable price grew worldwide, thus Alibaba had the opportunity to excel in the export business by gaining more global customers. In the year 2014, Alibaba received the largest IPO in the history of the United States. The major stakeholders of the company are Softbank Corp and Yahoo Inc. Thus Alibaba applied the concept of strategies by figuring out who their customers were, how the company could serve them and how it would generate revenue (Hill, Jones Schilling, 2014). Business Model Of Alibaba Alibaba centered its core-business on e-commerce and the business model of the company is a combination of many famous technological companies of the United States, but the company has not imitated the business model of any particular company. The company does not hold any inventory, neither has warehouses. The prime feature of Alibabas business model is its innovative software platform. Alibaba has created companies like Alipay, an online payment platform, Aliyun for cloud computing and China Smart Logistics. Alibaba has made major investments in a number of start-up companies in the United States like Snapchat. The company has also invested in many other Chinese companies. Cage Framework Alibaba operates in 200 countries by analyzing their Cultural, Administrative, Geographic and Economic factors. The company connects the global customers with the small and medium size Enterprises of China by offering them products at reasonable rate. The company operated on Just-In-Time Technology with no inventory and warehouses. Orders of global customers are processed on real time and payment is safe for these customers. Alibabas innovative online platform and digital marketing tool enables the company to connect with global customers in more than 200 countries (Madsen Walker, 2015). Virgin Group The Virgin Group is a British company and was founded by Richard Branson. The group invests in five core sectors like Financial Services, Travel and Leisure, Telecoms and Media, Music and Entertainment and Health and Wellness. The group is a venture capital conglomerate and has achieved excellence in business since its inception in the year 1989. The group is headquartered in City of Westminster. The group also has family owned ventures like Virgin Car and accomplished several successful business like Virgin Airlines, Virgin Cruises, Virgin Records and Virgin media. The company is chosen to study its unique business model of diversification (VIRGIN GROUP, 2017). In the year 2014, the net worth of Virgin Group was estimated to be around 5 billion British pounds. The company has achieved this outstanding position in the market with its innovative business model .The founder Richard Branson founded Student Magazine and Virgin Records which gained huge popularity. After 10 years of success, the company ventured into airline business with the foundation of Virgin Airlines. The Virgin group has 200-300 brands. How Virgin Group Has Achieved Its Current Position In The Market The founder of the company -Richard Bransons agile business style is the main reason behind the success of the group. He has high risk tolerance, and iterates ideas rapidly and is extremely graceful in shutting down a failure. He protects his business from downsides before venturing into a new business (Dhliwayo, 2014). Business-Model Of Virgin Airlines The business model of the company is a generic conglomerate and keiretsu. At times the company simply licenses its brand, like Virgin Records. The company has diversified into different sectors and runs under one brand name The Virgin. The single brand name enables the company to retain its brand image and customer perceived value. The company is extremely customer-centric (Block et al., 2015). This enables the founder to survive in the industry since more than 50 years. The feedbacks from customers are taken and necessary changes are incorporated in the service sectors business of the company, like Virgin Atlantic airlines. The company has diversified into more than 300 brands but all these brands are centered across its five core sectors- like Financial Services, Travel and Leisure, Telecoms and Media, Music and Entertainment and Health and Wellness (Eden Ackermann, 2013). The company has strong network of investors. The company is an investor in technology-focused ventures and has invested in more than 35 technology ventures. The company gains long term capital appreciation by its innovative investment schemes (Gamble Thompson, 2014). Cage Framework Virgin group is a global company and before venturing into global market the company analyzes the Culture, Administrative, Geographic and Economic factors of a particular country. For instance, the British company has its popular airline in Australia Virgin Australia. The company has studied the Australian market well, has analyzed all macro business environment factors and applied the CAGE framework before beginning its airline operation in the country (Bereznoi, 2015). The successful implementation of CAGE framework makes the business model innovative for the company and helps the company to implement the environmental changes of a particular country in its model while operating in that country. Reference Lists Alibaba. (2017).alibabagroup.com/en/global/home. Retrieved 8 September 2017, from https://www.alibabagroup.com/en/global/home Bereznoi, A. (2015). Business model innovation in corporate competitive strategy.Problems of economic transition,57(8), 14-33. Block, J. H., Kohn, K., Miller, D., Ullrich, K. (2015). Necessity entrepreneurship and competitive strategy.Small Business Economics,44(1), 37-54. Dhliwayo, S. (2014). Entrepreneurship and competitive strategy: An integrative approach.The Journal of Entrepreneurship,23(1), 115-135. Eden, C., Ackermann, F. (2013).Making strategy: The journey of strategic management. Sage. Gamble, J. E., Thompson Jr, A. A. (2014).Essentials of strategic management. Irwin Mcgraw-Hill. Gamble, J. E., Thompson Jr, A. A. (2014).Essentials of strategic management. Irwin Mcgraw-Hill. Hill, C. W., Jones, G. R., Schilling, M. A. (2014).Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Madsen, T. L., Walker, G. (2015).Modern competitive strategy. McGraw Hill. VIRGIN GROUP. (2017).virgin.com/. Retrieved 8 September 2017, from https://www.virgin.com

Topics For Essay IELTS

Topics For Essay IELTSSome topics for essay IELTS are necessary for admission to international schools. Since so many schools out there need students who have excellent English language skills, you will not be able to write your essay on just any topic.The topics for essay IELTS, which can be achieved through many different types of approaches, may be varied and yet still necessary subjects for school. You will need to decide which subjects you want to include in your essay depending on the kind of school you want to attend. No matter what subjects you choose, you will need to include the following topics: geography, history, literature, and your native language. Some other topics that can be included in your essay are personal life experiences, etc.The topics for essay IELTS can be difficult to determine. This is because not all subjects in one class can be used to teach the topics for IELTS, as each subject has its own particularities and characteristics. However, you can have some ideas regarding what topics are appropriate for your choice of school. It is best to get some tips from a qualified teacher before starting the writing process.You can determine topics for essay IELTS by taking a look at the reading level of the class. When you know the class in which you would like to study, go over the required subjects for that class. For instance, if you are interested in a first-level English class, then you can take a look at the books that the students in the class usually read. Take a note of their ages and their reading levels. This way, you can match your topic for essay IELTS with the group's reading levels.Students who do not read very well or do not pay attention to their books will likely not understand your essays and assignments. It is best to write about subjects that are familiar to the students. Writing about subjects that they are not familiar with will not only confuse them but will also frustrate you when you have to repeat the topic you wrote about in a letter or thesis.Once you have determined the students' levels and established the topic for IELTS, the next step is to think about how you can incorporate the things you learned in school into your essay. You should try to relate your knowledge to the subject of the essay. This means that your essay will not only contain information about your own country or the country where you plan to attend school, but also about your native country or the country where you are going to stay after school. For example, if you want to write about your life before you went to school, then you can start your essay with the line 'I went to a school in my country'. Similarly, if you want to write about your experience as a student, then you can start your essay with the line 'I have had a lot of experiences as a student.'Topics for essay IELTS are important and not many people realize this. Because it is very difficult to write about one's experiences when they are foreign, it is a good i dea to use some of the topics that you have learned in school. This will make the entire writing process easier and more fun. There are no correct ways to write an essay and even grammar rules change every now and then, so you might as well be creative and write about subjects that you have learned about in school.After deciding which topics for essay IELTS you want to include in your essay, the next step is to go over the essays you have written. If you find that you cannot work out a topic for your essay anymore, then you can look for someone who is a good writer to help you with your problems.

Explain the Aims and Content of the Extra-Curricular Activity - Netball free essay sample

Extra-curricular activities can allow the child/young person to try out a wide range of activities that are not open to them during normal school hours or to gain additional skills and knowledge in the subjects/activities that they are particularly interested in. The aim of netball is to get the ball in the hoop and score more goals than the opposing team thus winning the match; aims for the child is to gain additional fitness, allow them to gain skills in netball (eye/hand co-ordination), work as a team, play individual roles (e. g. goal keeper/goal shooter) and to have a team that can compete against other schools. The activity should also be fun! The content of netball is what you actually do during the session. In netball the content involves the following: †¢teaching the game and rules of netball †¢ what each position does in terms of getting the ball to into the goal and what they are supposed to do †¢ the boundaries each position has inside the court †¢ the skills required, such as passing, shooting, hand-eye co-ordination and appropriate travelling The children are always made aware of what the content will be during that particular session before the activities begin. We will write a custom essay sample on Explain the Aims and Content of the Extra-Curricular Activity Netball or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page . 2 Explain the values or codes of practice relevant to the activity The values or codes of practice relate to belief systems and standards that need to be considered when carrying out an extra curriculum activity. There needs to be clear guidelines and rules so that the child/young person understands what is acceptable and what is not acceptable, in relation to behaviours/actions etc. The of netball club at Purley Oaks Primary School are closely tied to the school rules – whilst the activity is outside of normal school hours, the school rules still apply e. . ‘no running in the corridors’ is necessary during all hours that the child/young person is on the premises. The children understand the school rules and how they apply to netball club: †¢Sharing – making sure that everybody has a chance to handle to ball and to play each position †¢Caring – netball is a non-contact sport and so anyone getting hurt at the fault of another player is not tolerated. The children must be careful of their surroundings †¢Listening – Listen to the coach and listen to team mates. This is important for safety and also winning! Learning – making sure that the techniques are practiced effectively and always asking for help in the event of any confusion †¢Ourselves – taking part in warm ups and arriving on time in the correct attire to keep safe during the activity The values include respect for self and respect for others and are related to personal, social health economic education (PSHE) and citizenship education. In terms of netball the rules of the game are clear and standardized but will always be related back to the school rules to keep the environment safe. References Book – Supporting Teaching and Learning in Schools (Primary) pages 300-314

22 Must-Read Science Fiction Novels For Aspiring Sci-Fi Authors

22 Must-Read Science Fiction Novels For Aspiring Sci-Fi Authors Science fiction is a genre that has evolved in unpredictable and exciting ways. From The Burroughsian Period (named after Edgar Rice Burroughs and beginning in 1901) to todays bestsellers, the genre has moved from hard science to Space Age exploration to a new interest in self-actualization, the dark side of technology, and what it means to be human.If youre an aspiring science fiction writer, here are some novels- both newly published and classic- that you should add to your reading list. In them, youll discover how the genre has evolved and where it is heading, both of which will be invaluable to your writing and planning.Below are some must-read science fiction novels for aspiring sci-fi writers. Photo by Pixabay on Pexels.Newly publishedInfinite Detail by Tim Maughan (March 5, 2019)Infinite Detail is a fast-pasted thriller in which an act of cyberterrorism creates a techno-apocalypse and the Internet crashes, shutting everything as we know it down. Seeking answers for how to live , lost, unplugged souls head to the Croft, an area of Bristol where people who have already unplugged live. The Croft is a digital no-mans-land, without surveillance and Big Data dependence. As a center of creative counterculture, a young woman there named Mary claims she has found other ways of connecting with others without the use of technology. Its the end of the world as we know it, but does the world fare better after the Internets demise?Finder by Suzanne Palmer (April 2, 2019)Finder is an action-packed science fiction caper story that won a Hugo Award and is the debut novel from Suzanne Palmer. Its protagonist is Fergus Ferguson, interstellar repo man and professional finder (a name he prefers to con artist or thief). His latest job entails finding the spacecraft Venetias Sword and stealing it back from an ex-nobleman turned power-hungry trade boss. He finds the ship in the farthest corner of space, in a deep space colon called Cernee. There, he learns that the enemy of my e nemy is my friend, and must navigate a field of space mines, a small army of hostile mercenaries, and an alien species he once through to be only myth. He thought it would be a simple job- like the others- but its becoming more apparent that it isnt.The Gone World by Tom Sweterlitsch (February 6, 2018)Advertised as Inception meets True Detective, The Gone World follows a NCIS special agent on a murder case that involves the fate of mankind. When tasked with uncovering the truth of the murder of a Navy SEAL and the disappearance of his family, Shannon Moss learns that the missing SEAL was an astronaut aboard the spaceship U.S.S. Libra- a ship assumed lost to the currents of Deep Time. In her search, she encounters Terminus, a mysterious world-destroying event discovered by a top-secret team of government time travelers.In her search for the SEALs missing teenage daughter, Moss travels to the future to explore possible versions of what might be in order to solve the present-day case. There, she witnesses the cataclysmic end of humanity itself and is left to determine how to stop it.The Calculating Stars by Mary Robinette Kowal (July 3, 2018)In this alternate history science fiction story, The Calculating Stars imagines an alternate history in which a meteorite falls to Earth in 1952, destroying much of the East Coast, including Washington, D.C. Following the event, space exploration becomes a necessity, as the Earth heads at breakneck speed toward becoming uninhabitable due to the events impact on the planets climate. Enter mathematician and World War II pilot Elma York, who sets her sight on flying into the stars to search for humanitys next great hope.Winner 2018 Nebula for Best Novel, Hugo Finalist for Best Novel, 2019 Campbell Memorial Award Finalist, and 2019 Locus Finalist for Best Science Fiction Novel- The Calculating Stars has a long list of accolades and spots on bestselling lists since it was published in 2018.Emily Eternal by M.G. Wheaton (April 23, 2019)Emily Eternal is about Emily, is an A.I. designed by scientists to help people cope with trauma. She has been designed to solve advanced mathematical problems and unlock the deepest secrets of the human mind, including its capacity for empathy. Her work and purpose take on a deeper meaning when it is discovered that the sun will explode 5 billion years before it was originally expected.With the human race at an existential crossroads, she does the unthinkable and determines a way to solve the problem. However, not everyone trusts her intentions, so her servers are destroyed, leaving Emily and her friends with limited hope- but hope nonetheless- that they can race against time and save humanity.Famous Men who Never Lived by K. Chess (March 5, 2019)Noted as a Most Anticipated Book of 2019 at The Verge, Barnes Noble Sci-Fi Fantasy Blog, and more, K. Chesss debut novel, Famous Men Who Never Lived gives readers a glimpse of an alternate history in which nuclear war sends 156,000 r efugees into modern-day New York City. Among them is Hel, a doctor who has difficulty adapting to the new reality shes facing, so she creates a museum to preserve the memories and stories that would otherwise be forever lost. In the midst of her work to preserve her lost past, she faces anti-immigrant attitudes and hostility. Then, when the only copy of a science fiction story from her world, The Pyronauts, goes missing, she is forced to face what has been lost and determine just how far she should go to recover it.Within a world that is foreign to her, and as she seeks to assimilate while grieving what has been lost, Hels character offers a fresh perspective on what it means to be an immigrant facing the end of ones culture. In this important debut novel, readers will find parallels with todays news in a world that is both different and familiar.Vigilance by Robert Jackson Bennett (January 29, 2019)Robert Jackson Bennetts Vigilance takes readers on a dark and twisting ride in what can only be classified as a science fiction action parable of an America that has accepted gun violence as the norm. Its satire at its best and spins the idea of Hunger Games in an even darker direction.Set in 2030, the story follows the life of executive producer John McDean, who produces Vigilance, a reality game show designed to ensure American citizens remain alert and vigilant to all threats, both foreign and domestic. In the reality game environment, an active shooter is introduced to public spaces and prize money is given to anyone who is armed and ready to take down the shooter. Then, McDean ends up on the other side of the camera, and his whole reasoning for the show is seen through new eyes.Much like the worlds depicted in the stories, the science fiction genre has evolved significantly, from the classics to modern bestsellers. Photo by Pixabay on Pexels.The Classics1984 by George OrwellNominated as one of Americas best-loved novels by PBSs The Great American Read, 1984 is a chilling, dystopian tale that will ring strangely familiar in modern times, despite having been written in 1948. It is the story of Winston Smith, who works for the Ministry of Truth and lives in one of the three totalitarian super-states that rule the world. At first, Winston does what hes told and tows the Party line; however, he begins to see through the lies built around government surveillance, controlled narrative, and serious loss of civil rights. Meanwhile, Big Brother is always watching, so he must hide the fact that he is beginning to think for himself.From revised dictionaries attempting to control human thought through language, to the concept of using perpetual war to keep citizens in their place, this story has become a manual of sorts for describing the course of modern political movements getting dangerously close to the dystopian world that Orwell foretold.Altered Carbon by Richard K. MorganAlthough written in 2003, Altered Carbon has already found its place amon g the classics and has been reimagined into a popular Netflix series, created by Laeta Kalogridis. It shows a world in the 25th century, where humankind lives throughout the galaxy and is monitored by the U.N. There is also an expensive procedure available where one can store his or her consciousness in a cortical stack at the base of the brain, which can then be downloaded into a new body (called a sleeve), thus escaping death itself.The main character is ex-U.N. envoy Takeshi Kovacs, who has been dispatched 180 light-years from his home into another body living in Bay City, in what was once San Francisco. In the shady underbelly of the city, in a decidedly cyberpunk world, he discovers how existence can be bought and sold as he attempts to solve a rich mans murder.Brave New World by Aldous HuxleyWritten in the 1930s and influenced by political fascism, Aldous Huxleys Brave New World offers dystopian world that is both prophetic and terrifying. While addressing 21st-century issues such as the domination of mass-entertainment, technology, medicine and pharmaceuticals, and elitism, it offers a glimpse into a future world where humans are genetically bred and indoctrinated into castes chosen for them before birth by an authoritarian government.With heavy references to Shakespeares work, it is sometimes a biting criticism on capitalism, and often a glimpse of the potential horrors that come with the power of genetic engineering getting into the wrong hands. Its a must-read for anyone wanting to see how modern political movements can inspire classic science fiction bestsellers.A Canticle for Leibowitz by Walter MillerFirst published in 1959, A Canticle for Leibowitz is a post-apocalyptic science fiction novel depicting a planet ravaged by nuclear war razed the Earth, as its survivors return to a type of dark age where science is hated and books are destroyed. In this setting, a small order of Catholic monks seeks to fight against the ignorance and barbarism that n ow faces humanity. Having won the 1961 Hugo Award for best science fiction novel, it explores the themes of religion and church versus state in a world where civilization has severely decayed.The Children of Men by P. D. JamesAlso released as in a film adaptation, The Children of Men is a dystopian novel published in 1992 set in a time of mass infertility. The story takes place in the United Kingdom, which is under autocratic rule, and explores themes of human frailty in a narrative voice that alternates between first and third person points of view.While the beginning is set in the year 2021, the narrator reveals events that occurred in 1995, which is referred to as Year Omega, where the sperm count of males fell to zero and a feminist civil war broke out, threatening the mass extinction of humanity. There is an elite class known as the Omegas, who are young and the last-born humans on earth, but they are both spoiled and violent. They treat their elders, the non-Omegas, with conte mpt, and live in a world where newborn animals are treated like infants, dressed in infant clothing, and pushed around in strollers.Theo, the protagonist, who is known as a dissident, encounters a revolutionary group known as The Five Fishes, who task him with helping to protect a woman who is an anomaly because she is pregnant. Beautifully written with poignant characterization, Children of Men explores themes of politics and power in times when the fate of humanity is grim.Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? by Philip K. DickFirst published in 1968 and the inspiration for the 1982 film Blade Runner, Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? is set in a post-apocalyptic San Francisco, where nuclear global war has severely damaged the planet and humanitys way of life. Those who are able have already fled the planet, ravaged by war and pollution, and those who remain exist in a world that is nearly uninhabitable.The protagonist, Rick Deckard, is one of the not-so-fortunate. He makes his living as a government-sanctioned bounty hunter destroying renegade androids, which have been built in the dearth of living creatures (along with realistic animals). The androids are so life-like and sophisticated, that they are indistinguishable from real humans, prompting the Earths government to distrust them. However, Ricks interaction with one android in particular forces him to question what it means to be a human.Dune by Frank HerbertPublished in 1965, Frank Herberts Dune tied with Roger Zelaznys This Immortal for the Hugo Award in 1966 and won the inaugural Nebula Award for Best Novel. It imagines a feudal interstellar society of planetary fiefs controlled by noble houses and tells the story Paul Atreides, whose family are stewards of the planet Arrakis.Despite the planet being a desert wasteland that is mostly inhospitable, it is the only source of mà ©lange, commonly known as the spice- a drug that enhances mental abilities and can extend life. With themes of politics, re ligion, ecology, and technology, Dune explores common topics within a very uncommon place and is often considered to be one of the best and imaginative science fiction books ever written.Foundation by Isaac AsimovFirst published in 1951 and nominated as one of Americas best-loved novels by PBSs The Great American Read, Foundation contains five interrelated short stories and is often considered to be one of the most important works in hard science fiction. Within the five stories- The Psychohistorians, The Encyclopedists, The Mayors, The Traders, and The Merchant Princes- Asimov reimagines the fall of the Roman Empire taking place on a galactic scale. With themes focusing on economics and history, and a notoriously tough read, it is considered to be one of Asimovs best works.Frankenstein by Mary ShelleyPublished in 1823, Frankenstein is one of the earliest examples of science fiction and allegedly was written in a contest of sorts among some of the literary greats of the Romantic per iod to see who could write the most horrific tale. Considered to be a classic in Gothic and Romantic literature, it tells the story of Victor Frankenstein, whose efforts to cheat death lead him to the creation of monstrosities. Its narrative framework consists of letters written by Captain Robert Walton, who details the events taking place at an unspecified time in the 18th century and the story, as told to him by Victor Frankenstein himself.The Handmaids Tale by Margaret AtwoodOriginally published in 1985, The Handmaids Tale is a dystopian novel written by Canadian author Margaret Atwood. It won the 1985 Governor Generals Award and the first Arthur C. Clarke Award in 1987, and was nominated for the 1986 Nebula Award, the 1986 Booker Prize, and the 1987 Prometheus Award. It has also been adapted into a film, an opera, and a TV series on Hulu.Set in the near future the Republic of Gilead, a fundamentalist theocratic state with a low birth rate, the men in charge enslave fertile women known as handmaids and force them to have their children. As a seminal work of feminist literature, it explores the subjugation of women in a patriarchal society, and is told through the point of view of Offred, a handmaid for a Commander who is suspected to be infertile.The Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy by Douglas AdamsPublished in 1979, The Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy follows the misadventures of the last surviving man, Arthur Dent, after the Earth has been destroyed by a Vogon constructor fleet to make way for a hyperspace bypass. It was first broadcast as a radio series on BBC radio in 1978, and later became known as a trilogy in five parts.The Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy is absurdist, bombastic, and a lot of fun. It is a wildly imaginative adventure building off multiple science fiction tropes, but retains enough cynicism to be appreciated as a work that is much deeper than it initially appears on the surface. Simply put, it is a must-read for any science fiction ent husiast, and has been adapted into comic books and stage shows, and earned Douglas Adams a spot as Guest of Honour at the 1979 World Science Fiction Convention, held in Brighton, England.Neuromancer by William GibsonPublished in 1984, Neuromancer, one of the best-known works in the cyberpunk subgenre of science fiction, was written by American-Canadian writer William Gibson as his debut novel. It was the first novel to win the Nebula Award, the Philip K. Dick Award, and the Hugo Award.Its protagonist is Henry Case, a washed-up computer hacker and hustler surviving in the dystopian underworld of Chiba City, Japan. The story imagines a world where hackers and cyborgs work together to against massive, nefarious corporations, and is a must-read for fans of the more recent Ready Player One.Slaughterhouse-Five by Kurt VonnegutPublished in 1969, Slaughterhouse-Five is a novel containing equal amounts of science fiction and anti-war sentiment. Its protagonist is Billy Pilgrim, a soldier who has become unstuck in time, and bounces back and forth in a nonlinear fashion on his personal timeline in a time-traveling narrative that explores the horrors of war through an unreliable narrator. Billy believes he was held in an alien zoo on the fictional planet Tralfamadore as he experiences post-traumatic stress disorder from his experiences as a soldier. With extensive use of irony, black humor, and didacticism, Vonneguts signature simplistic style of writing makes Slaughterhouse-Five one of his best-loved works.Stranger in a Strange Land by Robert A. HeinleinWritten in 1961, Stranger in a Strange Land is speculative fiction set in a post-Third World War United States, where organized religions control politics. It tells the story of Valentine Michael Smith, a human who was born on the planet Mars and raised by Martians, only to come to Earth as a young adult. He must learn what it means to be a man, while simultaneously teaching Earthlings about Martian concepts such as grokk ing and water-sharing.It won the 1962 Hugo Award for Best Novel and the 1987 Prometheus Hall of Fame Award.The War of the Worlds by H. G. WellsPublished in 1898 and first serialized in 1897 by Pearsons Magazine in the UK and by Cosmopolitan magazine in the US, The War of the Worlds is a classic tale of alien invasion. As one of the earliest stories depicting conflict between humanity and an extraterrestrial race, it is told via first-person narration by an unknown protagonist living in Surrey, and his younger brother living in London as Martians invade the Southern part of England.The War of the Worlds is a seminal work in the science fiction classic canon, and has been reimagined for feature films, radio, comic books, a television series, and sequels or parallel stories written by other authors.

History 101 Constitution Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

History 101 Constitution Assignment - Essay Example Before the approval and implementation of the new US Constitution, the existing 13 member colonies used the Articles of Confederation established and ratified in 1787, by Second Continental Congress as a guide in governing the union (Bederman 89). The national government that operated under the Articles of Confederation proved too weak and therefore could not effectively handle and regulate the numerous conflicts emerging between the states. Therefore, some of the leaders proposed for a new instrument of government to replace the weak one. Due to the emergent weaknesses, the purpose of the Philadelphia Convention was to rectify the weaknesses witnessed in the Articles that had existed even before the conclusion of the American Revolutionary War. Even though the aim of the Convention was to rectify the Articles, some of the leaders in attendance, Alexander Hamilton and James Madison, coming from New York and Virginia respectively, intended to create a new government rather than rectify the existing one (Whittington 119). The two leaders came together and vigorously campaigned for the new Constitution. According to them, improved stability of the Union government was necessary in order to protect commerce and property. Being federalist, they vigorously campaigned for a very powerful central government with a large republic to control factions. According to Hamilton, the common people are ignorant and thus, incapable of rul ing themselves (Education Portal 1). Therefore, he asserted that the only people to rule should be the elites. Consequently, since the common people cannot rule, Hamilton proposed of unequal voting qualifications between the elites and common people. Thus, elites need to be accorded higher voting qualifications compared to the common people. However, Thomason Jefferson championed for states? rights as well as the trueness of democratic principles. Unlike Hamilton and his group, Jefferson believed in the capacity of the common man to rule or self-govern (Education Portal 1). Due to this, he supported lowering of voting qualifications of the elite in order to march those of the elite in society. It is therefore true that some leaders wanted a new system of government in order to address several issues related to governing. 2.Using citations from the Constitution, identify and explain the structure and function of the three Branches of government. Is this more in line with â€Å"Hamil tonian† or â€Å"Jeffersonian† political philosophy? The American Constitution is considered the oldest constitution in the world, and which exists in the contemporary world. Since its adoption and inception on September 17, 1787, it has guided and created governmental institutions within America as well as contributed to the political stability, economic freedom, social progress, and individual freedom in USA for over 200 years (Amar 70). It forms the main instrument of the U.S government as well as the supreme law within America. Its simplicity and flexibility has made it a model for other constitutions in the world. Constitution was established in the 18 century to guide 4 million people. However, after undergoing 27 amendments, the constitution currently serves over 260 million people in 50 different states within the U.S. Since the U.S Constitution forms the central instrument of the government, it provides direction on how the country is governed. It outlines the structure and functions of the three branches of the U.S Government; The Executive Branch; The Judicial

MKTG216 - Consumer Demographics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

MKTG216 - Consumer Demographics - Essay Example al., 2011). Based on the demographic perception, certain age groups decipher different choices than others. In addition to this, their choices of product are also influenced by cultural diversity. The buying behaviour of consumers is also mostly influenced by the income factor. Illustratively, luxurious products are preferred by people who have higher income than those who have lower income levels (Afzal & Pakistan, 2013). In order to justify the stated notions or speculations, the paper analyses the changes in household mortgage expenditure distributions and inequalities in Leichhardt and Fairfield from 2006 to 2011. The paper also aims to elaborate the distribution of household mortgage repayment differences in between the mentioned years. The Gini coefficients of the two cities, Leichhardt and Fairfield, have thus been analysed to measure inequality in the distribution of household mortgage expenditure. The Gini coefficient is used as a statistical measure associated with the income of a family that covers wages, salaries, income from properties, dividends, royalties and other sources of household incomes. The income earned by individuals is arranged according to certain ranking patterns and cumulative percentages of household are derived from it. Income and wealth are different from each perspective where income is defined as the total availability of monetary funds in the present situation whereas wealth refers to savings or other capital assets collected with the aim of future expenditure. Therefore, in a particular time period, the inequality in income would not affect the wealth distribution spontaneously within a demographic area. On the other hand, it is likely that a country with equal allocation of income has immeasurable inequality of wealth distribution. Contextually, Gini coefficient is important for the